Pros and Cons of Inclusion Essay - 1356 Words

Pros and Cons of Inclusion Inclusion mainstreams physically, mentally, and multiply disabled children into regular classrooms. In the fifties and sixties, disabled children were not allowed in regular classrooms. In 1975 Congress passed the Education of all Handicapped Students Act, now called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). IDEA mandates that all children, regardless of disability, had the right to free, appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. Different states have different variations of the law. Some allow special needs students to be in a regular education classroom all day and for every subject, and others allow special education students to be in a regular education classroom for†¦show more content†¦General education students develop an appreciation that everyone has unique characteristics and abilities, they become positive role models for the special education students and they are also able to develop a more positive self-view. CONS Inclusion, as it all too frequently is being implemented, leaves classroom teachers without the resources, training, and other supports necessary to teach students with disabilities in their classrooms. Consequently, the disabled children are not getting appropriate, specialized attention and care, and the regular students? education is disrupted constantly. SEDL (1995) One of the major concerns of inclusive education is the lack of training general education teachers have. Scruggs and Mastropieri (1996) found that ?Teachers need systematic, intensive training, either as part of their certification programs, as intensive and well-planned in-services, or as an ongoing process with consultants.? (Turnbull, Turnbull, Shank Smith, 2004, p.69). Many general education teachers have very little or no training in special education and are not offered it through their school system. General education teachers may know nothing about IEP?s and the meaning of accommodations and they may be unaware of how to implement a curriculum to include special needs students? individual accommodations. Teaching special needs students requires knowledge of how to adjust your curriculum to serve these students, without trainingShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion? Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the Pros and Cons of Inclusion? The first benefit of inclusion is that it resulted in greater communication skills, greater social competence, and greater developmental skills for special education students who have been part of inclusive settings (Bennet, Deluca, Bruns, 1997). The second benefit of inclusion is that disabled students make more friends in general education settings and interact with their student peers at much higher level (Fryxell Kennedy, 1995). The thirdRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I am going to be talking about the pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education children. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important, even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don’t understand what goes into Special Education for chi ldren in schools. â€Å"Negative beliefs many people have about individualsRead MoreSpecial Education And The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesSpecial Education: The History of Special Education The Pros and Cons of Inclusion What is Special Education? Many of us in our society sometimes are not aware what special education is or what it is about. We don’t typically think about this because sometimes it does not affect our children or us. Special education is a program that is designed to help those who have mentally, socially, and physically and or emotional disability, in which it causes them to have some sort of delay in learningRead MoreMainstreaming : The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion Based Education1452 Words   |  6 PagesMainstreaming: The Pros and Cons of Inclusion-Based Education Picture this: a special education student is placed into a general education classroom because of a new bill the district has passed recently. They are forced to adapt to the new, more arduous curriculum that they have never been exposed to before. They have to make new friends, new study habits, new choices. Would you want your child’s education to be jeopardized because a set of impractical politicians think they know what is bestRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article President Bush Announced On A Nation At Risk982 Words   |  4 Pagesseparation of special schools from general schools. Hence, the inclusion has come forth as a means of preparing students with handicaps within the least restrictive environment. In the United States, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) authorized that students with disabilities be educated with non-disabled students, thus bringing significant changes within the education sector (Reynolds and Fletcher-Janzen 1842). Inclusion describ es the pattern of placing students with special needsRead MoreTypes Of Learning Disabilities And The Placement Options946 Words   |  4 Pagesof the child’s parents, general education teacher, special education teacher, school district representative, the school psychologist, and the child when they turn sixteen. When the IEP is created there is three things the family can consider: inclusion, a resource room, or a self-contained classroom. Not every option is perfect for the child and it may take some time to figure out what will work. After the final IEP is created the parent has to give permission, written or verbal, for the IEP toRead MoreThe Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Orders1729 Words   |  7 Pagesmainstreamed, they ultimately do not thrive in such settings due to immoral methods and insufficient budgets. In academic settings, disabled students have access to more opportunities and many social advantages. In the article, â€Å"Schools Divided Over ‘Inclusion’, it states that disabled students are more involved in school clubs and friend hangouts, which promotes social growth for them. In particular, a boy named Patrick Borgi, â€Å"who has cerebral palsy and uses a wheelchair, has been invited to classmates’Read MoreInclusion For Students With Disabilities834 Words   |  4 Pages Inclusion Position Paper Valerie Simmons University of West Alabama SE 506 Dr. Nichols July 1, 2015 Inclusion in the classroom is a widely debated issue in education today. Inclusive education means that students with disabilities are supported in chronologically age appropriate general education classrooms in schools near their home. These students also receive the specialized instruction outlined by their individualized education programs (IEP s) within the context of the coreRead MoreEducationese Power Point1012 Words   |  5 PagesEducationese Inclusion ï‚› Inclusion places a special needs student in a regular education classroom for the full day or part of the day(Webster). ï‚› Inclusion is good in the classroom so the kids can make friends and feel like they are not being left out. Informal assessment ï‚› An informal assessment is assessing a student in a casual atmosphere using checklists, observation, performance and the student may not even know about it(2014). ï‚› An informal assessment helps a teacher understand what levelRead MoreInclusion Of A Special Education Student1243 Words   |  5 PagesFull Inclusion Paper With the issue of inclusion, there are both pros and cons to each side. There are many different factors that influence the views of inclusion to different groups of people. There are four main groups of people that inclusion have an effect on including: the students with disabilities, regular education students, teachers of regular education students, and the parents of students with disabilities. With each group of people, there are many who are for inclusion and many who

How to Find the PHP Document Root

The PHP document root is the folder where a PHP script is running. When installing a script, web developers often need to know the document root. Although many pages scripted with PHP run on an Apache server, some run under Microsoft IIS on Windows. Apache includes an environment variable called DOCUMENT_ROOT, but IIS doesnt. As a result, there are two methods for locating the PHP document root. Finding the PHP Document Root Under Apache Instead of emailing tech support for the document root and waiting for someone to respond, you can use a simple PHP script with getenv (), which provides a shortcut on Apache servers to the document root. These few lines of code return the document root. Finding the PHP Document Root Under IIS Microsofts Internet Information Services was introduced with Windows NT 3.5.1 and has been included in most Windows releases since then—including Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10. It does not supply a shortcut to the document root. To find the name of the currently executing script in IIS, begin with this code: print getenv  (SCRIPT_NAME); which returns a result similar to: /product/description/index.php which is the full path of the script. You dont want the full path, just the name of the file for SCRIPT_NAME. To get it, use: print realpath(basename(getenv(SCRIPT_NAME))); which returns a result in this format: /usr/local/apache/share/htdocs/product/description/index.php To remove the code referring to the site-relative file and arrive at the document root, use the following code at the beginning of any script that needs to know the document root. $localpathgetenv(SCRIPT_NAME);$absolutepathrealpath($localPath);// fix the Windows slashes$absolutepathstr_replace(\\,/,$absolutepath);$docrootsubstr($absolutepath,0,strpos($absolutepath,$localpath));// an example of useinclude($docroot./includes/config.php); This method, although more complex, runs on both IIS and Apache servers.

Over the Rainbow - 1681 Words

What transforms a piece of information into evidence? when it comes from a reputable source when it is supported by a citation when it is used to support or refute something when it uses transitional words and phrases What is an example of a reference marker that a source might use? quotation print Web page numbering If a hard fact or visual representation of a fact is needed, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective? summarizing providing data paraphrasing quoting If you would like to emphasize a particularly authoritative source, what method of incorporating evidence should you use? summarizing paraphrasing quoting providing data If youd like to provide background†¦show more content†¦Carter establishes a definition for integrity, â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost; and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong.† Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? â€Å"[W]hen I refer to integrity, I have something very specific in mind,† states Carter in his essay. It is important to remember that â€Å"[w]hen [he] refer[s] to integrity, [Carter has] something very specific in mind.† â€Å"Referring to integrity† is something that is important to [Carter]. According to Carter, â€Å"he [has] something specific [integrity] in mind.† Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? â€Å"Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license (Bipin)?† Should states â€Å"require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license† (Bipin)? Should states, â€Å"require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license?† Bipin. â€Å"Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license?† Bipin. Which statement about quotation marks is true? I. Quotation marks set apart short quotations. II. Typically, a direct quotation requires three quotation marks. III. Commas used to introduce short quotations appear outside the quotation marks. II only I and II IIShow MoreRelatedScene Analysis : Over The Rainbow963 Words   |  4 PagesUnaccompanied, the song â€Å"Over the Rainbow† tells the story of a girl dreaming of a world that is not her own. But with visual aids and closer attention to the nuances in instrumentation, the song reveals an uncomfortable duality — that between pursuing one’s dreams and staying close to home. The shot composition of the scene in which Dorothy sings â€Å"Over the Rainbow† tells a story itself. The scene is composed of one brief shot and two long takes, the first of which is centered on Dorothy throughoutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Somewhere Over The Rainbow 859 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst song called â€Å"Nobody Understands Me.† Then the evil Mrs. Gulch comes in threatens to call the authorities after Toto bit her. Dorothy wants to escape and go see the world which opens up to the most well-known song of the Play â€Å"Somewhere Over the Rainbow.† Dorothy leaves the farm and meets Professor Marvel who tells her about the â€Å"Wonders of the World.† Then a twister disrupted their conversation and Dorothy has to run home for shelter. She makes it back inside the house and end up hitting herRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Snow Rainbow Valley 1640 Words   |  7 PagesSpirit. What s more, Snow Rainbow Valley is located at the north foot of sno w mountain which is 2 kilometers away from Yishui county. As far as I am concerned, it is one of the great tourist attractions of Yishui county. And so, I believe you would have a good time if you stayed there for couple of days. Snow Rainbow Valley, one of the most famous scenic spots in our county, I would like to recommend it mostly to you. When I was young, I usually saw the beautiful rainbow after rain floating in theRead MoreA Report On The Day Of Rainbow1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ponyville weather team struggled with weather patrol duties when Rainbow Dash took an outstanding vacation from work. Although they cleared most of the rain clouds from the morning’s rainfall, a few scattered clouds hung over Ponyville, but the sun remained dominate with its sunlight shinning on the land. Despite Rainbow being on her well-deserved vacation—considering that she would often be left with most of the work load through insurmountable excuses of either sickness or lateness from herRead MoreA Rainbow, By Rene Descartes1743 Words   |  7 Pagesbe able to really discuss rainbows we have to know the mechanics of them, which has been studied since ancient times. Greek philosophers were aware of the role of reflection in forming a rainbow and had some understanding of the role of refraction. In the 13th century, scientists produced theories on rainbow formation, and in the 17th century, Rene Descartes sketched out the conditions required to observe a rainbow (Douma). There are two key aspects that affect a rainbow, and these include the altitudeRead MoreThe Rainbow and Colored Girls Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesIn the physical sense, a rainbow appears after a storm in the sky. It is made up of seven different colors. As it forms an arch, we may look at its shape as being a segment of a complete circle. From the rainbows physical dimensions, Shange draws out other qualities that suit the fluidity and logic of her choreopoem. While it can appear a simple natural phenomenon we take for granted, Shanges choreopoem delivers the rainbow as a complex sustaining figure which forecasts a change in the weatherRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1187 Words   |  5 Pages Rainbow Dash glanced down at her saddlebag, letting a monotonous sigh as she looked over the bunch of rolled up maps poking out from the sack. With a look of profound determination, she lifted her hoof and knocked on the door. â€Å"This is a public library, ya know. There’s no need to knock,† Twilight said from inside. â€Å"Aha†¦hehe, right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rainbow pushed through the Golden Oak Library’s front door and made her way over toward Twilight’s desk, then placed her saddlebag on it. â€Å"What s this about, DashRead MoreThe Theory On Rainbow Formation And The Mechanics Of Them Have Been Studied Since Ancient Times1557 Words   |  7 PagesRainbows and the mechanics of them have been studied since ancient times. Greek philosophers had some understanding of the role of refraction, scientists in the 13th century produced theories on rainbow formation, and in the 17th century, Rene Descartes sketched out the conditions required to observe a rainbow (Douma). There are two key aspects that affect a rainbow, and these include the altitude of the sun and the size of the raindrops. The colors of the rainbow are because of two basic facts:Read MoreDescriptive Essay : Rainbow Stood At The Front Entrance For A Moment 949 Words   |  4 PagesRainbow stood at the front entrance for a moment, steeling herself against the flood of false hope threatening to swarm her. She hesitated to turn the handle. It was as if she stood at the edge of a pier about to dive in the water. She gave the door a nudge, and it swung open. Maybe she should have stayed at the wonderbolts academy for the night. If she had, she wouldn’t be going at a murky bar, trying to find a special pony who’d never show up in her life. Too bad life didn’t come with an automatedRead MoreShort Story : The Night Sky 1637 Words   |  7 Pageslone pony trailed along the outskirts of Ponyville and neared the entrance of a popular bar. From somewhere within the works , Rainbow Dash sighed in answer; either to the bar—or to herself. The night sky was painted by stars, and Luna’s moon illumed the land. She quickly glanced up at the them, noticing them dance, then back to the door. â€Å"Wonder if it’s busy tonight,† Rainbow said to nopony in particular. â€Å"Gonna see soon enough, I guess. Oh, buck it. Why do I bother coming her every night? I should

Effect of Biases on Persuasive

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Biases on Persuasive Communication. Answer: Introduction: Natural hazards have started to threaten the residential safety and stability in several countries. Every year the frequency of natural disasters is escalating due to the trans-global urbanization and the residents are paying dearly for the unplanned developmental measures. The last year experienced destruction worth $175 billion all due to natural disasters. Strategic preparation has become an all time necessity to minimize the risks and cope with the consequences (Blaikie et al., 2014). Psychological input: Psychological support has emerged as an integral element of disaster management program. Studies suggest that more than 70-90% of people are not persuaded by disaster preparation alerts they receive and that inevitably increases the scale of destruction (Blaikie et al., 2014). This report aims to evaluate how psychological input regarding social cognitive biases and persuasive communication theories can develop persuasive strategies that can influence better public engagement. Types of cognitive biases: A cognitive bias can be defined as a systematic pattern that influences deviation from rationality. Normalization bias urges people to deprecate both the possibility of a hazard and its possible consequences. Unrealistic Optimism is another common bias that leads an individual to believe that they are at a comparatively lesser risk of negative impact than others are (Keating et al., 2014). Effect of cognitive biases: The highest number of unnecessary deaths in a disaster is caused by normalcy bias, which makes it one of the deadliest biases. It causes the individuals to drastically underestimate the aftermath of a catastrophe by creating a cognitive dissonance in the subconscious of the individuals, which then drives them to eliminate it by either refusal or denial (Petty, Ostrom Brock, 2014). For example when people refuse to evacuate even when there is eminent threat, it defeats the purpose of disaster planning. Dispositional optimism is a result of irrational and unrealistic perception of a situation that may affect an individual directly or indirectly (Keating et al., 2014). Optimistic bias often leads to faulty procession of risk related information by individuals, which inescapably intervenes with the safety measures taken by the disaster management task force. Overcoming cognitive biases: The best method to combat the biases is to apply theories of persuasive communication of social psychology. The term persuasion refers to ways of influencing the perception and behavior of individuals, utilizing an appeal to their emotion (Gutteling, 2015). The theories are based on different rational models, designed to influence people to behave in the predictable ways (Blaikie et al., 2014). The response to a disaster depends on the understanding of the impending risks, which is linked to the conflicting hopes and beliefs of individuals. The principles of persuasive communication state that it is impossible to generate adequate response in the mass by just delivering the alert message when the mass is in denial (Petty, Ostrom Brock, 2014). In order to generate appropriate awareness the message needs to target their perception of risk and grab the attention of the people by a clear, assertive and informative message so that they realize the extent of destruction their ill judgment can provoke (Gutteling, 2015). Conclusion: Natural disasters are characterized by their element of surprise; hence, there will always be destruction. The purpose of disaster management is to minimize the scale of destruction as much as possible. The entire process of risk management depends on the cooperation of the public and when biased perception influences better judgment of the public, it defeats that purpose. As a social psychologist, I can conclude that the underlying cause for these biases are lack of clear understanding in the general public and lack of transparency from the authoritys end. Application of persuasive principles is the only way to bridge the gap and create awareness in the general mass so that they understand the continuous threat of hazards they live in. References Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., Wisner, B. (2014).At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Fischhoff, B. (2013).Risk analysis and human behavior(Vol. 26). Routledge. Gutteling, J. M. (2015).Risk communication. John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Keating, A., Campbell, K., Mechler, R., Michel?Kerjan, E., Mochizuki, J., Kunreuther, H., ... Williges, K. (2014). Operationalizing resilience against natural disaster risk: Opportunities, barriers and a way forward.Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance. Petty, R., Ostrom, T. M., Brock, T. C. (2014).Cognitive responses in persuasion. Psychology Press.